MVME162-533A工控模塊系統(tǒng)備件
應(yīng)力消除通常會(huì)在中等溫度下產(chǎn)生細(xì)小的再結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu)，中間夾雜著冷加工細(xì)長(zhǎng)晶粒結(jié)構(gòu)。高于上曲線的溫度將導(dǎo)致晶粒生長(zhǎng)。這些合金設(shè)計(jì)用于高溫環(huán)境。對(duì)時(shí)間的最佳阻力通過(guò)加熱到引起晶粒生長(zhǎng)的溫度，可獲得高溫下的相關(guān)變形蠕變。通常使用的溫度為至。根據(jù)尺寸和熔爐特性，調(diào)節(jié)溫度下的時(shí)間以達(dá)到或更粗的粒度。還應(yīng)調(diào)整溫度和時(shí)間，以限制晶粒過(guò)度生長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)晶粒發(fā)生額外生長(zhǎng)時(shí)，幾乎不會(huì)獲得額外的蠕變強(qiáng)度。過(guò)度晶粒生長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是暴露于高溫后韌性降低。冷成型超過(guò)的材料應(yīng)在細(xì)粒狀態(tài)下訂購(gòu)。將被加熱進(jìn)行熱加工的材料應(yīng)處于熱加工狀態(tài)或退火狀態(tài)。為了獲得制造后的最佳蠕變斷裂強(qiáng)度，應(yīng)按照上述要求對(duì)材料進(jìn)行退火，以獲得第號(hào)的最小平均晶粒尺寸。使細(xì)晶粒材料變形的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是表面粗糙度降低，通常稱為橘皮。另一個(gè)是細(xì)晶粒材料與粗晶粒材料的熱開裂傾向降低。形狀不允許回彈的高度冷加工部件在加熱時(shí)特別容易開裂。這些緊密裂紋的驅(qū)動(dòng)力是高殘余拉伸應(yīng)力。當(dāng)加熱到退火溫度時(shí)，細(xì)晶粒材料將更迅速地釋放殘余應(yīng)力，從而減少開裂的趨勢(shì)。由于部件尺寸或經(jīng)濟(jì)性，在制造后不可能進(jìn)行熱處理。以下是粗顆粒材料在高溫環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用指南。一種是將冷加工限制在以下的應(yīng)變，另一種是限制使用溫度和持續(xù)時(shí)間，以免造成再結(jié)晶。圖顯示了冷應(yīng)變和后再結(jié)晶的開始與退火時(shí)間或使用時(shí)間的關(guān)系。該圖僅顯示了溫度和持續(xù)時(shí)間限制的近似值，因?yàn)閺臒岬綗岬某煞肿兓约八婕暗臒釞C(jī)械歷史將影響再結(jié)晶行為?？傊?，制造后熱處理取決于制造成形和或焊接產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)變量和使用條件。根據(jù)圖和中包含的數(shù)據(jù)，可以確定在進(jìn)行制造后熱處理時(shí)，是使用應(yīng)力消除溫度還是最低固溶退火溫度。合金&溫度再結(jié)晶完全再結(jié)晶開始冷加工對(duì)合金和再結(jié)晶的影響和溫度，圖。合金與和再結(jié)晶開始的溫度時(shí)間加工合金可通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法進(jìn)行加工。使用涂層硬質(zhì)合金刀具可以以高金屬去除率良好的刀具壽命和良好的表面光潔度進(jìn)行車削操作。使用高速鋼刀具也獲得了良好的結(jié)果，該刀具更適合斷續(xù)切削。涂層硬質(zhì)合金刀具在的切削速度和的進(jìn)給量下顯示出良好的壽命。高速鋼刀具在和的切削速度下顯示出較好的壽命。有關(guān)更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱專用金屬機(jī)械加工金屬網(wǎng)站連接合金和具有與合金相同的良好焊接性。這兩種合金通常用于需要高蠕變斷裂強(qiáng)度的應(yīng)用，應(yīng)與具有適用于預(yù)期使用溫度的強(qiáng)度特性的焊接產(chǎn)品連接。對(duì)于高達(dá)的溫度，焊條用于保護(hù)金屬電弧焊，填充金屬用于氣體保護(hù)焊。表列出了這些焊接金屬在不同溫度下的斷裂強(qiáng)度。填充金屬也與埋弧焊焊劑一起用于合金和的埋弧焊。對(duì)于超過(guò)的工作溫度，最佳焊接產(chǎn)品選擇取決于所涉及的特定工作溫度和焊接接頭所需的性能。對(duì)于需要最高強(qiáng)度和耐腐蝕性的應(yīng)用，建議使用焊接電極和填充金屬。圖比較了電極和合金和的應(yīng)力斷裂強(qiáng)度。為了便于焊工資格認(rèn)證，第九節(jié)和合金的分類為。先前推薦用于連接合金和的焊接耗材具有第九節(jié)級(jí)。晶粒尺寸英寸。溫度，溫度，伸長(zhǎng)硬度應(yīng)力應(yīng)力晶粒度平均直徑屈服強(qiáng)度偏移伸長(zhǎng)率拉伸強(qiáng)度硬度圖。退火溫度對(duì)合金合金和性能的影響表合金與焊接產(chǎn)品所有焊接金屬試樣的斷裂強(qiáng)度小時(shí)小時(shí)小時(shí)破裂溫度應(yīng)力單位以粗體表示的值。焊接電極合金和圖。
Stress relief usually produces fine recrystallization structure at medium temperature, with cold worked elongated grain structure in the middle. Temperature higher than the above curve will lead to grain growth. These alloys are designed for high temperatures. The best resistance to time can be obtained by heating to the temperature that causes grain growth. The commonly used temperature is to. Depending on the size and furnace characteristics, adjust the time at temperature to achieve or coarser grain size. The temperature and time should also be adjusted to limit excessive grain growth, since when additional grain growth occurs, little additional creep strength is obtained. One disadvantage of excessive grain growth is the reduced toughness after exposure to high temperatures. Materials over cold forming shall be ordered in fine grain condition. The materials to be heated for hot working shall be in hot working state or annealed state. In order to obtain the optimum creep rupture strength after fabrication, the material shall be annealed in accordance with the above requirements to obtain the minimum average grain size of No. One advantage of deforming fine grained materials is the reduction of surface roughness, commonly known as orange peel. The other is the reduction of thermal cracking tendency of fine grain materials and coarse grain materials. Highly cold worked parts whose shape does not allow springback are particularly prone to cracking when heated. The driving force of these tight cracks is high residual tensile stress. When heated to the annealing temperature, the residual stress of fine grain materials will be released more rapidly, thus reducing the tendency of cracking. Due to the size or economy of the components, it is not possible to perform heat treatment after manufacturing. The following is a guide to the application of coarse-grained materials at high temperatures. One is to limit the cold working to the following strain, and the other is to limit the use temperature and duration to avoid recrystallization. The figure shows the relationship between the beginning of cold strain and post recrystallization and annealing time or service time. This figure only shows approximate values of temperature and duration limits, because the composition change from heat to heat and the involved thermo mechanical history will affect the recrystallization behavior. In a word, post manufacturing heat treatment depends on the strain and service conditions generated by manufacturing forming and or welding. According to the data contained in the figures and, it can be determined whether to use the stress relief temperature or the lowest solution annealing temperature for post manufacturing heat treatment. Alloy temperature recrystallization complete recrystallization begins cold working effect on alloy and recrystallization and temperature, Fig. Alloy and temperature time processing alloy at the beginning of recrystallization can be processed by standard methods. The coated carbide tool can be used for turning operations with high metal removal rate, good tool life and good surface finish. Good results have also been obtained by using high speed steel tools, which are more suitable for intermittent cutting. The coated carbide tools show good life under the cutting speed and feed rate of. High speed steel tools show good life at cutting speeds of and. For more information, refer to the Special Metal Machined Metals website to connect alloys and have the same good weldability as alloys. These two alloys are typically used in applications that require high creep rupture strength and should be connected to welded products that have strength properties appropriate to the intended service temperature. For temperatures up to, electrodes are used for shielded metal arc welding and filler metals for gas shielded welding. Table lists the breaking strength of these weld metals at different temperatures. Filler metal is also used with submerged arc welding flux for submerged arc welding of alloys and. For operating temperatures above, the best choice of welding products depends on the specific operating temperatures involved and the properties required for the welded joint. Welding electrodes and filler metals are recommended for applications requiring the highest strength and corrosion resistance. The stress rupture strength of electrode and alloy and are compared in Fig. In order to facilitate welder qualification, Section IX and alloys are classified as. Welding consumables previously recommended for joining alloys and have a Class IX rating. Grain size in. Temperature, Temperature, Elongation Hardness Stress Grain Size Average Diameter Yield Strength Offset Elongation Tensile Strength Hardness Chart. The influence of annealing temperature on alloy alloy and properties Table The breaking strength of all weld metal samples of alloy and welding products is the value expressed in bold. Welding electrode alloy and figure.
