3HAC027648-00102機(jī)器人卡件
系統(tǒng)設(shè)計人員提供關(guān)鍵器件所需的冗余以應(yīng)付單一或雙重故障,根據(jù)不同的應(yīng)用選擇大余量器件來實(shí)現(xiàn)可靠運(yùn)行。然而,「磨損」是機(jī)械部件甚至電子產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)實(shí),電容器會變干老化、浪涌限制器會受損,而半導(dǎo)體會隨著時間產(chǎn)生晶格缺陷。必須持續(xù)維護(hù)
3HAC027648-00102機(jī)器人卡件我們可以等待故障發(fā)生之后從源頭解決問題,采取「如果沒壞就別修」的態(tài)度,但是故障很少只在方便的時候才發(fā)生。 這種「矯正」維護(hù)對非關(guān)鍵功能是一種很有吸引力的方法,例如照明燈具組有一個 LED 熔斷,或者就如我們之前多重冗余系統(tǒng)的例子,系統(tǒng)不會受到單一故障的影響。當(dāng)然這個前提是您必須知道故障發(fā)生了,因此監(jiān)控是關(guān)鍵。無時無刻都要確保充足的零件庫存和人力,也必須隨時待命「以防萬一」。
大多數(shù)的流程為了更好地保持生產(chǎn)量依靠定期的「預(yù)防性」維護(hù)和檢查。簡單的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)要定期更換過濾器和機(jī)油、檢查軸承或調(diào)整間隙等。在電子產(chǎn)品方面,可能會更換正常運(yùn)作但老舊的保險絲、避雷器和電解電容器。決定何時采取行動并不容易,太晚執(zhí)行可能導(dǎo)致破壞性故障,太早更換可能將好的零件丟棄造成不必要的工作和成本浪費(fèi)。因此時間安排是一個挑戰(zhàn),根據(jù)使用時間、使用情況或只是靠直覺和經(jīng)驗來安排工作。高可用性系統(tǒng)通常會進(jìn)行故障模式、影響及危害性分析 (FMECA),在科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上預(yù)測故障頻率及影響。這樣可以盡可能減少零件庫存并在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間安排維護(hù)工作。
以狀態(tài)為基礎(chǔ)的維護(hù)是理想的做法
面對大型又復(fù)雜的流程時很難準(zhǔn)確設(shè)定預(yù)防性維護(hù)計劃,因此替代方案是狀態(tài)維護(hù)(CBM)。根據(jù)量測后的剩余使用壽命來進(jìn)行更換或調(diào)整才是理想的方式。這包含了解零件的當(dāng)前狀況,雖然它仍表現(xiàn)良好但已經(jīng)開始進(jìn)入「磨損」階段。例如,今天機(jī)油濾清器可能有足夠的潤滑油流量,但損失 10% 的過濾效果,但如果您知道損失 50% 是不可以的并且還要 10 周才會達(dá)到這個狀態(tài),那么您可以安排在 8 周后更換。同樣地,實(shí)時分析電機(jī)或機(jī)器振動特征的變化就可以推算軸承何時會發(fā)生故障。
性能變化和趨勢能通過偵測獲得參數(shù),例如液位變化、振動特征、非接觸式溫度測量的紅外熱成像、油混濁度、電源設(shè)備的電流和電壓特征、超聲波泄漏檢測、電弧和電暈的臭氧傳感器 等。如果在現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)上實(shí)施 CBM,增加這種級別的密集監(jiān)測的成本在短期看來可能令人卻步,但長期下來的節(jié)省是非常明確的。query; ? openness, the system has good expansibility. Downward interaction with the field control system; The upward system has a unified platform, and the functional modules can be flexibly configured and expanded according to the needs of customers; The external system provides XML open standard interface to facilitate integration with third-party software such as ERP, OA, etc; ? integration, realizing the integration with production automation equipment; All modules of the system are effectively integrated to achieve a high degree of data sharing; Advanced SOA service mode provides guarantee for effective integration of third-party services; ? distributed, perfect distributed application deployment and distributed data management, supporting group enterprise management; ? instant reminder. Notifications and announcements can be reminded immediately. The reminder content can be set arbitrarily according to needs, and permission control is provided; ? support electronic signature and pass password verification; ? support a variety of databases, and support SQL server, Oracle, DB2 and other large database management systems. With the rapid development of instrumentation and fieldbus technology, more and more intelligent instruments are used in industrial fields. Choosing to use intelligent instruments to realize factory automation has become the development trend in the field of industrial automation, and advanced equipment management